Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a laboratory procedure used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic abnormalities before they are implanted in the uterus. This testing helps identify embryos that carry specific genetic disorders or chromosomal irregularities, allowing for the selection of the healthiest embryos for transfer. PGT is especially valuable for individuals or couples with a known risk of inherited genetic conditions, those experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, or those undergoing IVF due to advanced maternal age. By improving the chances of a successful pregnancy and reducing the likelihood of genetic diseases, PGT plays a crucial role in reproductive medicine and informed family planning.
Types of PGT
- PGT-A (Aneuploidy Screening): Detects abnormal numbers of chromosomes to reduce the risk of miscarriage and increase IVF success rates.
- PGT-M (Monogenic/Single Gene Disorders): Identifies specific inherited genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis or Tay-Sachs disease.
- PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements): Screens for chromosomal structural changes such as translocations or inversions that can affect embryo development.
Benefits of PGT
- Increases chances of a healthy pregnancy by selecting chromosomally normal embryos.
- Reduces the risk of genetic diseases in the offspring.
- Lowers the likelihood of multiple IVF cycles by improving implantation success.
- Helps couples with known genetic risks make informed reproductive choices.